{"id":4076,"date":"2023-08-12T22:24:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-12T19:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/?p=4076"},"modified":"2023-08-12T18:56:31","modified_gmt":"2023-08-12T15:56:31","slug":"feltarulhat-a-rejtelyes-kusan-birodalom-tortenete-megfejtettek-az-osi-nyelvet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/?p=4076&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Felt\u00e1rulhat a rejt\u00e9lyes Kus\u00e1n Birodalom t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete, megfejtett\u00e9k az \u0151si nyelvet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A K\u00f6lni Egyetem tud\u00f3sainak siker\u00fclt azonos\u00edtaniuk egy felfedez\u00e9se \u00f3ta mindenki m\u00e1s \u00e1ltal \u00e9rtelmezhetetlen kus\u00e1n \u00edr\u00e1s karaktereinek j\u00f3 r\u00e9sz\u00e9t, \u00edgy m\u00e1r el tudj\u00e1k majd olvasni a majdnem 2000 \u00e9ves \u00edr\u00e1st.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f6bb mint 70 \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt olyan egy szokatlan, t\u00e1lakra \u00e9s ed\u00e9nyekre faragott \u00edr\u00e1sra bukkantak tud\u00f3sok k\u00f6z\u00e9p-\u00e1zsiai barlangokban. Olyannyira zavarba hozta \u0151ket, hogy nyelv\u00e9szek eg\u00e9szen a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltig nem tudtak el\u0151r\u00e9bb jutni a megfejt\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iras.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4077\" style=\"width:662px;height:370px\" width=\"662\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iras.jpg 560w, https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iras-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Transactions of the Philological Society c\u00edm\u0171 tudom\u00e1nyos lapban megjelent tanulm\u00e1ny szerint az \u00edr\u00e1s a Kus\u00e1n Birodalomb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik. A sz\u00f6veg karaktereinek mintegy 60 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9k\u00e1t siker\u00fclt is megfejteni, ez pedig m\u00e1r el\u00e9g sok ahhoz, hogy olvasni tudjunk az \u00edr\u00e1sban. A szakemberek azt rem\u00e9lik, mindez \u00faj betekint\u00e9st enged a Kus\u00e1n Birodalom t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A K\u00f6lni Egyetem kutat\u00f3inak siker\u00fclt a sz\u00f6veget \u00f6sszek\u00f6tnie a baktriai nyelvvel. Ez egy kihalt ir\u00e1ni nyelv, amelyet K\u00f6z\u00e9p-\u00c1zsia Tokhariszt\u00e1nnak is nevezett Baktria r\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1ban besz\u00e9ltek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tud\u00f3sok \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, a kor\u00e1bban ismeretlen kus\u00e1n \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dot az i.e. 200 \u2013 i.sz. 700 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A kutat\u00f3k eredetileg t\u00f6bb tucat r\u00f6vid feliratot tal\u00e1ltak, amelyekhez h\u00e1rom hosszabb nyelv\u0171 \u00edr\u00e1sra bukkantak a mai T\u00e1dzsikiszt\u00e1nban, Afganiszt\u00e1nban \u00e9s \u00dczbegiszt\u00e1nban. Ezek egyike sem volt megfejthet\u0151, eg\u00e9szen addig, am\u00edg 2022-ben nem tal\u00e1ltak egy falba v\u00e9sett k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171 sz\u00f6veget \u2013 \u00edrja a Popular Mechanics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"R\u00e4tselhafte \u201eKuschana-Schrift\u201c aus der Antike entziffert \/\/ Wissenschaftsnachrichtenvideo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"667d3c1141525\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iU3vzqpbaws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"667d3c1141525\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"R\u00e4tselhafte \u201eKuschana-Schrift\u201c aus der Antike entziffert \/\/ Wissenschaftsnachrichtenvideo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"6a4e6fc8953f4\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iU3vzqpbaws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"6a4e6fc8953f4\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"R\u00e4tselhafte \u201eKuschana-Schrift\u201c aus der Antike entziffert \/\/ Wissenschaftsnachrichtenvideo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"667d3c1141525\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iU3vzqpbaws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"667d3c1141525\");<\/script><noscript><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"R\u00e4tselhafte \u201eKuschana-Schrift\u201c aus der Antike entziffert \/\/ Wissenschaftsnachrichtenvideo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iU3vzqpbaws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><\/noscript>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az \u00e9szaknyugat-t\u00e1dzsikiszt\u00e1ni Almosi-szurdok sziklafal\u00e1ban az ismeretlen kus\u00e1n \u00edr\u00e1s a m\u00e1r ismert baktria nyelv mellett jelent meg. Az elemz\u00e9sek sor\u00e1n kider\u00fclt, hogy az uralkod\u00f3i Vema Takhtu n\u00e9v t\u00f6bb sz\u00f6vegben is megjelenik, de a Kir\u00e1lyok kir\u00e1lya c\u00edmet is siker\u00fclt azonos\u00edtani. Ez jelentette a kulcsot a tov\u00e1bbi visszafejt\u00e9shez, amely sor\u00e1n az egyes karakterek fonetikai \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t igyekeztek meghat\u00e1rozni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kider\u00fclt, a kor\u00e1bban megtal\u00e1lt kus\u00e1ni \u00edr\u00e1ssal m\u00e9g soha nem tal\u00e1lkoztak. A szakemberek arra a k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sre jutottak, hogy a kus\u00e1n \u00edr\u00e1s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a bels\u0151-\u00e1zsiai nom\u00e1d n\u00e9pek nyelve volt, akik eredetileg K\u00edna \u00e9szaknyugati r\u00e9sz\u00e9n \u00e9ltek. Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171nek tartj\u00e1k azt is, hogy a Kus\u00e1n Birodalom egyik hivatalos nyelvek\u00e9nt is szolg\u00e1lt a baktria, gandh\u00e1ri\/k\u00f6z\u00e9p-indo\u00e1rja \u00e9s szanszkrit mellett.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A szakemberek \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy a mostani sz\u00f6veg visszafejt\u00e9s\u00e9vel nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00fagy \u00e9rthetj\u00fck majd meg a Kus\u00e1n Birodalom t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t, mint egykoron Egyiptom\u00e9t, amikor siker\u00fclt megfejteni a hieroglif\u00e1k rejt\u00e9ly\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/hvg.hu\/tudomany\/20230811_kusan_birodalom_iras_kezirat_nyelv_nyelveszet_osi_nyelv#rss\">(hvg.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A K\u00f6lni Egyetem tud\u00f3sainak siker\u00fclt azonos\u00edtaniuk egy felfedez\u00e9se \u00f3ta mindenki m\u00e1s \u00e1ltal \u00e9rtelmezhetetlen kus\u00e1n \u00edr\u00e1s karaktereinek j\u00f3 r\u00e9sz\u00e9t, \u00edgy m\u00e1r el tudj\u00e1k majd olvasni a majdnem 2000 \u00e9ves \u00edr\u00e1st.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[281,41,25,39],"tags":[50051,51597,51598],"class_list":["post-4076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actual-hu","category-cikkek","category-videok","category-vilag","tag-kolni-egyetem","tag-kusan-biroldalom","tag-osi-nyelv"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4076"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4080,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4076\/revisions\/4080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/history.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}